Pig farm temperature control machine

When installing evaporative coolers (also known as swamp coolers) in livestock farms (pig farms, poultry farms), it is necessary to develop a complete plan that integrates the type of livestock, the structure of the breeding house, and environmental requirements—from model selection and installation location planning to hardware fixation and system debugging. Below is a scenario-based installation guide and key technical points:
I. Evaporative Cooler Types and Their Suitability for Farms
Type Core Components Suitable Scenarios Installation Advantages
Wet Pad Evaporative Cooler (Most Common) Fan + Porous Wet Pad + Water Pump Open-style pig houses, broiler houses, fattening houses High cooling efficiency (5-8°C), low energy consumption (only fan + water pump)
Industrial Evaporative Cooler (AC-style) Compressor + Evaporator + Fan Closed brooder houses, breeding pig houses Precise temperature control (±1°C), independent humidity adjustment
Spray Evaporative Cooler High-pressure Nozzles + Fan Open farming areas in hot and humid regions Rapid cooling, requires ventilation system to prevent humidity buildup
II. Pre-installation Site Survey and Planning
1. Breeding House Structure Assessment
Pig Houses:
Fattening Pig Houses: Span 8-12 meters, height 3-4 meters; install coolers on both gable or longitudinal walls with a spacing of 8-10 meters (to avoid cooling dead zones).
Piglet Houses: Smaller area (10-15㎡/room); prioritize small coolers installed 1.2-1.5 meters above the ground (avoiding piglet activity areas).
Poultry Houses:
Broiler Houses (Closed): Length 50-100 meters; evenly distribute coolers along side walls with outlets angled upward (to avoid direct airflow on birds).
Layer Houses (Stacked Cage Systems): Install coolers at the top or high on side walls, combined with ceiling ducts for even air distribution.
2. Cooling Load Calculation (Determining Number of Units)
Formula Reference:
Cooling Load (kW) = House Volume (m³) × Air Exchange Rate (pig houses 15-20 times/h, poultry houses 20-30 times/h) × Specific Heat of Air (1.2kJ/m³·°C) × Temperature Difference (target cooling value, e.g., 5°C).
Example: 1000㎡ pig house (height 3m), cooling required 5°C, cooling load ≈1000×3×20×1.2×5÷3600≈10kW; configure 2 units of 5kW wet pad coolers.
III. Key Steps for Wet Pad Cooler Installation (Using Pig Farm as Example)
1. Hardware Installation Process
① Wet Pad Installation (Side or Gable Wall)
Positioning Requirements:
1.8-2 meters above ground (to prevent livestock contact), 10cm waterproof base at bottom, fixed with aluminum alloy frame on all sides.
Seal gaps between wet pad and wall with sealant (leaks can reduce cooling efficiency by 10%-20%).
Water System Connection:
Water pump (head ≥3m) connected to top inlet of wet pad via PVC pipe, install Y-filter (to prevent clogging), return pipe to collection pool (regular water change to prevent algae growth).
② Fan Installation (Opposite Wall to Wet Pad)
Mounting Method:
Fan fixed to wall with angle steel brackets, rubber pads at wall connections for vibration damping (noise ≤75dB, to avoid animal stress).
Add protective mesh at fan outlet (to prevent debris ingress), rain cover for outdoor installation.
Airflow Matching:
Total fan airflow = Wet pad cross-sectional area (㎡) × Air velocity (2-3m/s), e.g., 10㎡ wet pad requires fan with airflow 72,000-108,000m³/h.
③ Electrical and Control System Installation
Electrical Requirements:
Dedicated circuit for cooler with overload protector (current ≥1.2 times rated current), wiring in galvanized steel conduit (to resist ammonia corrosion).
Install temperature sensor (1.5m above ground, away from airflow), linked to controller (auto start/stop at set temperature).
2. Special Considerations for Poultry House Cooler Installation
Dust Protection Design:
Add medium-efficiency filter (efficiency ≥80%) at cooler intake, clean every 2 weeks (high dust in poultry houses can reduce airflow by 30% if clogged).
Prevent Wet Pad Dripping:
Install drip tray at top of wet pad, slope (5%) at bottom with collection pan to prevent water dripping on birds or feed (causing mold).
IV. Key Points for Industrial Cooler (AC-style) Installation (Closed Houses)
1. Indoor and Outdoor Unit Layout
Indoor Unit: Ceiling-mounted, outlet 2.5-3m above floor to avoid direct airflow on animals, return air inlet with air filter.
Outdoor Unit: Install on shaded side of house wall, copper pipe length ≤15m (longer reduces efficiency), insulated with foam (to prevent condensation).
2. Condensate Handling
Drain condensate via PVC pipe to external ditch, slope ≥3% to prevent bacterial growth (clean weekly with bleach in poultry houses).
V. Post-installation Debugging and Acceptance
1. Operation Testing
Cooling Efficiency: After 30 minutes of operation, measure temperature at various points (e.g., corners, center);温差应≤2°C, overall cooling meets target (pig houses 26-28°C in summer, poultry houses 24-26°C).
Humidity Control: With wet pad cooler, humidity should be ≤75% (activate exhaust fan if exceeded); industrial coolers can maintain 60%-65% with dehumidification mode.
2. Safety Check
No abnormal vibration during fan operation (check bracket verticality ≤1° with level), secure electrical terminals, grounding resistance ≤4Ω (to prevent leakage).
VI. Installation Optimization Strategies for Different Growth Stages
Farming Scenario Adjustment Points Purpose
Nursery Piglet Houses Add deflector at cooler outlet (45° angle) Avoid direct airflow causing diarrhea
Broiler Brooding (1-7 days) Synchronize cooler with heater, start heat first Prevent stress from sudden temperature changes
Sow Farrowing Houses Raise cooler installation height to 2.2m Avoid equipment contact when sows stand
VII. Common Installation Errors and Solutions
Error 1: Wet pad and fan too far apart (>15m) → Increased air resistance, reduced cooling.
Solution: Keep distance ≤10m, or add intermediate duct (cross-section ≥0.5㎡).
Error 2: Cooler outlet directed downward at birds in poultry house → Localized cold spots, respiratory issues.
Solution: Install louvers (angled upward 15°) or deflectors below (airflow speed 1.5-2m/s).
Summary
Cooler installation in farms should focus on "efficient cooling, animal safety, durability, and energy savings." Adjust details based on environmental differences (humidity, dust, density) between pig and poultry houses, emphasizing symmetrical layout, even airflow, and complete protective measures. Post-installation, optimize parameters via实测数据, e.g., adjust operation times dynamically by age (e.g., run only during peak heat for piglets), balancing cooling effect and energy use.